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1.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 56(3): 300-303, July-Sept. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038721

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bile duct injury is a life-threatening complication that requires proper management to prevent the onset of negative outcomes. Patients may experience repeated episodes of cholangitis, secondary biliary cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and death. OBJECTIVE: To report a single center experience in iatrogenic secondary liver transplantation after cholecystectomy and review the literature. METHODS: This was a retrospective single center study. Of the 1662 liver transplantation realized, 10 (0.60 %) were secondary to iatrogenic bile ducts injuries due cholecystectomies. Medical records of these patients were reviewed in this study. RESULTS: Nine of 10 patients were women; the median time in waiting list and between cholecystectomy and inclusion in waiting list was of 222 days and of 139.9 months, respectively. Cholecystectomy was performed by open approach in eight (80%) cases and by laparoscopic approach in two (20%) cases. The patients underwent an average of 3.5 surgeries and procedures before liver transplantation. Biliary reconstruction was realized with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in nine (90%) cases. Mean operative time was 447.2 minutes and the median red blood cell transfusion was 3.4 units per patient. Mortality in the first month was of 30%. CONCLUSION: Although the liver transplantation is an extreme treatment for an initially benign disease, it has its well-defined indications in treatment of bile duct injuries after cholecystectomy, either in acute or chronic scenario.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: A lesão da via biliar é uma complicação que pode ameaçar a vida e que requer manejo adequado para prevenir o aparecimento de desfechos negativos. Os pacientes podem apresentar episódios repetidos de colangite, cirrose biliar secundária, doença hepática terminal e até mesmo morte. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a experiência de um único centro em transplante hepático secundário a lesão iatrogênica de via biliar pós-colecistectomia e fazer uma revisão de literatura. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo retrospectivo de um único centro. Dos 1662 transplantes de fígado, 10 (0,60%) foram secundários a lesões iatrogênicas das vias biliares devido à colecistectomias. Os prontuários médicos desses pacientes foram revisados neste estudo. RESULTADOS: Nove dos dez pacientes eram mulheres; o tempo médio em lista de espera de transplante e entre colecistectomia e inclusão na lista de espera foi de 222 dias e de 139,9 meses, respectivamente. A colecistectomia foi realizada por abordagem aberta em oito (80%) casos e por abordagem laparoscópica em dois (20%) casos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a uma média de 3,5 cirurgias e procedimentos antes do transplante de fígado e a reconstrução biliar foi realizada com hepaticojejunostomia em Y-de-Roux em nove (90%) casos. O tempo operatório médio foi de 447,2 minutos e a média de transfusão de concentrados de hemácias foi de 3,4 unidades por paciente. Mortalidade no primeiro mês foi de 30%. CONCLUSÃO: Embora o transplante de fígado seja um tratamento extremo para uma doença inicialmente benigna, ele tem suas indicações bem definidas no tratamento de lesões biliares após colecistectomia, seja em um cenário agudo ou crônico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Bile Ducts/injuries , Liver Transplantation , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/surgery , Bile Ducts/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Iatrogenic Disease , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/etiology , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(4): 504-510, abr. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-553224

ABSTRACT

Liver transplantation has become a standard option in the management of patients with end-stage liver disease. It is now evident that the most common etiology of long-term graft dysfunction is the recurrence of the primary liver disease. Autoimmune liver disorders such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis recur between 15 to 30 percent of the graft recipients. The clinical expression of this recurrence tends to be milder; the diagnosis is only established in many patients by fndings in the liver biopsy. This milder clinical expression may be due to the use of immunosuppressive therapy for the prevention of organ rejection and it may also be modulating immune mechanisms that underlie these conditions. The recurrence of hepatitis C virus infection is characterized by an accelerated progression towards cirrhosis and hepatic failure due to the lack of an effective immunoprophylaxis program and an effective antiviral therapy. The recurrence of hepatitis B is uncommon due to the availability on an effective immunoprophylaxis program with effective antiviral agents. The familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy is a genetic condition residing in the hepatocyte that produces a mutation of transthyretin; this abnormal protein is deposited in peripheral nerves, gastrointestinal tract, heart, and kidneys. The liver from these patients, apart from producing this abnormal protein, is otherwise normal, and has been used as an organ for recipients in dire need of a liver transplant, such as patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This approach is known as “domino” liver transplantation. As these recipients are followed long term, they may develop de novo amyloidosis. In summary, the underlying liver condition that led to endstage liver disease and liver transplantation may recur after liver transplantation. The clinical expression of the recurrence of the hepatic disease is modulated by the immunosuppression...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholangitis, Sclerosing , Hepatitis, Autoimmune , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/prevention & control , Liver Transplantation , Postoperative Complications , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/prevention & control , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/surgery , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Graft Survival , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/prevention & control , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/surgery , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppression Therapy , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/surgery , Living Donors , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Recurrence , Time Factors
4.
Rev. invest. clín ; 57(2): 244-251, mar.-abr. 2005. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632477

ABSTRACT

In the last few years, there have been developments In many aspects of liver transplantation. Improvements in surgical techniques and immunosuppression markedly increased the success rates of liver transplantation. This success has lead to increasing numbers of recipients. However, the availability of cadaveric organs for transplantation has not been changed in the last 10 years, resulting in a growing discrepancy between donors and recipients. Thus, it is necessary to properly select the best candidates for a successful liver transplant. This article will review the indications and contraindications for liver transplantation in the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score era.


En los últimos años han existido avances importantes en el trasplante hepático. La evolución en la cirugía hepática y la aparición de mejores inmunosupresores han incrementado de manera importante el éxito en el trasplante hepático. Este éxito ha aumentado el número de receptores; sin embargo, al mismo tiempo el número de órganos ha permanecido estable en los últimos 10 años, teniendo como resultado un incremento en la disparidad entre donadores y receptores. Por lo tanto es necesario conocer quiénes son los mejores candidatos para un trasplante hepático. En este artículo se revisarán las indicaciones y contraindicaciones en el trasplante hepático en la era de la clasificación de MELD (por sus siglas en inglés Model for End Stage Liver Disease).


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Transplantation , Patient Selection , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/surgery , Hepatitis/surgery , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/surgery , Liver Diseases/surgery , Liver Failure/surgery , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Liver Transplantation
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 16(2): 75-81, abr.-jun. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-284075

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to describe a method for the induction of experimental secondary biliary fibrosis (SBF). Forty-seven Wistar rats were submitted to hepatic duct obstruction (OB group) for thirty days without ligature, section or cannulization causing interruption of biliary flow. This technique was carried out by simple traction of the bile duct passing it through the xiphoid appendix. Nine rats were submitted to a sham operation for bile duct stricture and seven rats comprised the control group. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Liver fragments were removed for morphological study. Thirty days after surgery TB, AP, ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in the hepatic duct ligation group compared to the sham operated group and the presence of SBF in the OB group was confirmed by morphological study of the liver. There was technical failure in 31.92 percent cases. The survival was 100 percent at fifteen days and 82.97 percent at the end of the experiment. We concluded that this simple surgical technique may be used to study the consequence of bile duct obstruction which could be a reversible process depending on the obstruction time. This technique can be carried out from cholestasis to fibrosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cholestasis/surgery , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/surgery , Liver/anatomy & histology , Rats, Wistar , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic/injuries
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 16(supl.1): 47-51, 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-317548

ABSTRACT

A modalidade de derivaçäo bílio-digestiva empregada no tratamento da colestase extra-hepática crônica pode influenciar na reparaçäo das lesöes hepáticas. Avaliou-se o desempenho das derivaçöes bílio-duodenal e bílio-jejunal em Y de Roux com alça exclusa de diferentes comprimentos na reparaçäo das lesöes morfológicas e funcionais do fígado de ratos com fibrose biliar secundária. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, com 15 dias de obstruçäo biliar, alocados em 5 grupos de 6 animais. O grupo OB caracterizou as alteraçöes da fibrose biliar. Os animais remanescentes foram tratados mediante derivaçäo com o duodeno (grupo DBD), e com o jejuno, em alça exclusa de 5cm (grupo DBJ5), 10cm (grupo DBJ10) e 15cm (grupo DBJ15), sendo reavaliados 3 meses depois. Outros 6 animais foram submetidos à inteTodos animais foram submetidos à avaliaçäo morfométrica do fígado, análise bioquímica do sangue e microbiológica da bile, estudo da funçäo mitocondrial hepática e verificaçäo do peso úmido do fígado e do baço. Na análise estatística adotou-se o nível de significância de 5 por cento. Houve aumento significativo do peso estimado, em g/Kg de peso corporal, dos ductos biliares, da fibrose e dos hepatócitos nos animais do grupo OB (medianas de 1,30; 10,03 e 37,0) em relaçäo aos animais controles (IS) (medianas de 0,03; zero e 29,37). Após tratamento, ocorreu regressäo significativa do peso estimado dos ductos biliares e da fibrose, com valores medianos de 0,22 e 0,22 para o grupo DBD, 0,45 e 3,31 para o grupo DBJ5 e 0,22 e 5,0 para o grupo DBJ15. Houve regressäo significativa do peso estimado dos hepatócitos apenas nos grupos derivados com o jejuno, com valores medianos de 31,93; 24,46 e 28,52. Ocorreu aumento significativo do peso úmido do fígado e do baço no grupo OB (medianas em g/Kg de peso corporal de 49,85 e 5,71) em relaçäo ao grupo IS (30,0 e 3,04). Houve regressäo significativa do peso do fígado em todos os tratamentos e do peso do baço nos animais tratados com derivaçäo bílio-jejunal, (valores medianos de 35,59 e 2,53 para DBJ5, 37,54 e 2,82 para DBJ10 e 32,73 e 2,93 para DBJ15). Após o tratamento, surgiram infiltrado inflamatório misto, nos espaços portais, refluxo enterobiliar e contaminaçäo bacteriana da bile. Houve aumento significativo no consumo de oxigênio pela mitocôndrias hepáticas nos estados 3 e 4 no grupo OB (medianas de 101,55 e 31,05 nanoátomos de O2/mgprot./min), em relaçäo ao grupo IS (medianas de 57,22 e 15,51)...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y , Bile Ducts , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/surgery , Cholestasis, Extrahepatic , Duodenum , Jejunum , Postoperative Complications , Rats, Wistar
8.
Rev. argent. anestesiol ; 55(4): 249-66, jul.-ago. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-233753

ABSTRACT

El transplante hepático constituye una de las intervenciones más complejas de la actualidad. Su indicación se extiende a todo paciente con enfermedad hepática avanzada y con una expectativa de vida no mayor a un año. Existen diversas técnicas quirúrgicas que se practican de acuerdo a las características del donante, tamaño del receptor y la posibilidad de obtener un hígado en situaciones graves. Entre las técnicas quirúrgicas se encuentra: la cirugía de higado reducido, el Split liver, el donante vivo relacionado y el xenotransplante. La anestesiología es una especialidad que ha incrementado sus conocimientos y tecnología a partir de los transplantes de órganos. La práctica de la anestesia en transplante hepático adopta características diferentes a los implantes de otros órganos. Se describe la técnica convencional utilizada en la anestesia para transplante hepático, como también el monitoreo necesario, los equipos especiales y síndromes clínicos asociados a esta intervención. Finalmente se describen los cuidados anestésicos del paciente transplantado sometido a una cirugía no transplantológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia, General , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/surgery , Hemodynamics/physiology , Hepatitis, Chronic/surgery , Living Donors , Organ Preservation , Liver Transplantation/history , Liver Transplantation/instrumentation , Liver Transplantation/methods , Hemodynamics , Immunosuppression Therapy , Intraoperative Care , Monitoring, Physiologic , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Surgical Procedures, Operative
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